Useful notes and sites for revision

Revision notes

Medicine and Drugs links

medicine and drugs

Other links:

medicine and drugs

Overall Chem IB site

medicine and drugs flashcards

medicine and drugs (podcasts)

Overall ppt

Human Biochemistry links

Human biochenistry flashcards link:

Human biochemistry flash cards

Human biochemistry blogsite

Glucose

Glucose exists in different forms. You need to know the straight chain form, alpha-D glucose and Beta- D-glucose:

Glucose is a monosaccharide. monosaccharides can condense together in the presence of the appropriate enzymes to form disaccharides and polysaccharides: For example sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose. The link between them is known as the glycosidic link.

Electrophoresis

If the pH of the solution is above the pH of the isoelectric point of the amino acid,  the amino acid will contain the COO- ion and will be attracted towards the positive terminal. If the pH of the solution is below the pH of the isoelectric point of the amino acid, the NH3+ form will exist and it will move to the negative treminal. If the pH is the same as the isoelectric point, then both the COO- and the NH3+ groups will exist and the zwitter ion will not be attracted to either the positive or negative terminal, it will remain in its position.


Great link for electrophoresis

Strereoisomerism

Remember that structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and structural formula, but their atoms are arranged differently in space. There are two types of stereo isomers:

• Geometrical isomers - Cis and trans forms due to the fact that the double bond can't rotate and also occurs in cyclic alkanes. Note, that the physical properties and chemical properties can be similar, but there will be difference in M.P's and B.P's and sometimes there are big differences. There can be chemical differences as well e.g. cis and trans but-2-ene-1,4-dioc acid.
• Optical isomerism- This is where there is a chiral carbon (asymmetrical) basically that means that there are four different groups attached to a carbon. They have the same physical properties apart from the direction with which they rotate the plane of polarized light. However, when they react with optically active compounds there can be marked and dramatic differences. For example the thalidomide drug, which unfortunately was taken by many in the 60's to combat morning sickness in pregnancy.

The following are some chem guide links on optical isomerism:

Plane polarised light

Optical isomerism

Revision in Organic Chemistry

The following links offer good revision sites. The animations for the mechanisms are particularly useful.

Overall organic site

Naming

mechanisms animations

Working out organic pathways